ATRIUM Laboratory

USC School of Business Administration

Scacchi, W. (1994) Understanding Software Productivity. To Appear in Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering: Trends for the Next Decade, D. Hurley (ed.), Vol. 4, World Scientific Press, (1995).
Abstract: What affects software productivity and how do we improve it? This report examines the current state of the art in software productivity measurement. In turn, it describes a framework for understanding software productivity, some fundamentals of measurement, surveys empirical studies of software productivity, and identifies challenges involved in measuring software productivity. A radical alternative to current approaches is suggested: to construct, evaluate, deploy, and evolve a knowledge-based "software productivity modeling and simulation system" using tools and techniques from the domain of software process engineering.

Scacchi, W. & P. Mi (1993) Modeling, Integrating, and Enacting Complex Organizational Processes. Proceedings of the 5th. International Symposium on Intelligent Systems in Finance, Accounting and Management, Stanford, CA (December 1993).
Abstract: We describe our approach and mechanisms to support the engineering of organizational processes throughout their life cycle. We describe our current understanding of what activities are included in the process life cycle. We then go on to describe our approach, computational mechanisms, and experiences in supporting many of these life cycle activities, as well as compare it to other related efforts. Along the way, we present examples drawn from a current study aimed at modeling, analyzing, and integrating an order fulfillment process in a product development organization.

Mi, P. & W. Scacchi () A Meta-Model for Formulating Knowledge-Based Models of Software Development. Report from the ATRIUM Project, Information and Operations Management Dept., University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a knowledge-based meta-model which serves as a unified resource model for integrating characteristics of major types of objects appearing in software development models (SDMs). The URM consists of a taxonomy of resource classes and a web of relations that link different types of resources found in different kinds of models of software development. The URM includes specialized models for software systems, documents, agents, tools, and development processes. The URM has served as the basis for integrating and interoperating a number of process-centered CASE environments. The major benefit of the URM is twofold: First, it forms a higher level of abstraction supporting SDM formulation that subsumes many typical models of software development objects. Hence, it enables a higher level of reusability for existing support mechanisms of these models. Second, it provides a basis to support complex reasoning mechanisms that address issues across different types of software objects. To explore these features, we describe the URM both formally and with a detailed example, followed by a characterization of the process of SDM composition, and then by a characterization of the life cycle of activities involved in an overall model formulation process.

Karrer, A. & W. Scacchi (1994) Meta-Environments for Software Production. Report from the ATRIUM Project, Information and Operations Management Dept., University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
Abstract: Researchers who create software production environments face considerable problems. Software production environments are large systems that are costly to develop. Furthermore, software production environments which support particular software engineering methods may not be applicable to a large number of software production projects. These conditions have formed a trend towards research into ways which will lessen the cost of developing software production environments. In particular, the trend has been towards the construction of meta-environments from which specific software production environments can be created. In this paper, we attempt to categorize more than 60 meta-environment efforts. For each of the categories, we review research efforts which illustrate different approaches within that category. We conclude by presenting an emerging common thread of requirements which links this field together.

Scacchi, W. (1989) On the Power of Domain-Specific Hypertext Environments. Report from the ATRIUM Project, Information and Operations Management Dept., University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
Abstract: What is the potential power of hypertext technology? This article examines this question and outlines the answer by focussing attention to a domaim-specific view of hypertext environments. I first define what domain-specific hypertext environments (DSHE) represent. Next, I examine DSHE for the domains of encyclopedic and classical studies, creative writing and interactive fiction, journal and book publishing, insurance policy management, and computer-aided software engineering. Then I describe in more detail the structure of information to evolve within a DSHE for software engineering in terms of document products, processing tasks and mechanisms, and workplace attributes. In turn, this examination provides the basis for identifying seven dimensions along which the power of DSHE can be defined, experienced, and accumulated. I also address the organizational costs that may be borne to realize this power. I conclude with observations as to the source of DSHE power as well as identifying topics for further investigation.